The Upanishads teach that the true self is not the individual soul, but rather the universal consciousness, or Brahman. This consciousness is the source of all existence and is present in all beings.

The Samkhya school teaches that the self is a separate entity from the body and that it is the controller of the body. The self is responsible for the body's actions and experiences.

The Advaita Vedanta school teaches that the self and the mind are not separate entities, but rather that they are identical. The self is the pure consciousness that is the source of all experience.

Reincarnation in Indian philosophy refers to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth that the individual soul undergoes. This cycle is driven by karma, the law of cause and effect, and is seen as a means for the soul to evolve and attain liberation.

The ultimate goal of the self in Indian philosophy is to achieve liberation from the cycle of birth and death. This is known as moksha or nirvana and is seen as the highest state of existence.