Architectural sociology encompasses the study of the interactions between architecture, society, and culture, including how architecture influences individuals and communities, how it shapes social interactions, and how it reflects and shapes cultural values.

Social network theory emphasizes the role of social networks and interactions in shaping urban form and function, recognizing that social connections and relationships influence urban development patterns and the dynamics of urban life.

Gentrification involves the process of renovating and upgrading a previously rundown urban area, often leading to the displacement of low-income residents, an increase in property values and rents, and changes in the social and cultural character of the area.

Modernism in architecture emphasizes the use of simple, functional forms, the rejection of ornamentation, and the use of new materials and technologies.

Human geography is the study of how people use and interact with urban spaces, examining the relationship between human activities and the built environment.

New Urbanism is an urban planning concept that emphasizes the creation of compact, walkable, and mixed-use neighborhoods, promoting sustainable development and a sense of community.

Adaptive reuse refers to the process of converting a building or space for a different use, often involving the renovation and repurposing of existing structures.

Art Nouveau is an architectural style characterized by the use of intricate ornamentation, curved lines, and asymmetry, often inspired by natural forms.

Environmental psychology is the study of the relationship between the built environment and human behavior, examining how the physical environment influences human thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Smart growth is an urban planning concept that emphasizes the integration of land use, transportation, and environmental sustainability, promoting compact, walkable, and mixed-use development.

Zoning is the process of dividing a city into zones with specific land use regulations, determining the types of uses that are permitted in each zone.

Modernism in architecture is characterized by the use of simple geometric forms, flat roofs, and a lack of ornamentation, emphasizing functionality and the use of new materials and technologies.

Social geography is the study of the relationship between the built environment and social inequality, examining how the physical environment influences social processes and outcomes.

Transit-oriented development is an urban planning concept that emphasizes the creation of dense, mixed-use, and transit-oriented development around public transportation hubs, promoting walkability and reducing car dependency.

Urban renewal is the process of replacing older buildings and neighborhoods with new ones, often involving the demolition of existing structures and the construction of new developments.