From a sociological perspective, the classroom is seen as a microcosm of society, where students learn and internalize social norms, values, and behaviors that are expected of them in the larger society.

Conflict Theory views the classroom as a site of power struggles between teachers and students, as well as among students themselves. It highlights the ways in which power imbalances can influence teaching methods, curriculum content, and student outcomes.

The implicit curriculum refers to the unspoken and often unintentional messages that students learn in the classroom, such as social norms, values, and expectations. It is distinct from the formal curriculum, which consists of the explicitly taught subjects and skills.

Socialization is the process by which individuals learn the values, beliefs, and behaviors that are acceptable in their society. In the context of the classroom, socialization refers to the ways in which students learn to conform to the norms and expectations of the classroom environment.

Cultural Studies examines the ways in which culture influences social interactions and power dynamics within the classroom. It highlights the role of cultural values, beliefs, and practices in shaping the teaching and learning process.

Discourse Analysis is a method of analyzing the ways in which language is used to construct meaning and understanding in social interactions. In the context of the classroom, Discourse Analysis can be used to examine how teachers and students communicate and negotiate knowledge.

Symbolic Interactionism views the classroom as a social space where individuals interact and communicate with each other to create shared meanings and understandings. It emphasizes the importance of symbols, gestures, and language in shaping classroom interactions.

Intercultural Education is an approach to education that aims to promote understanding and appreciation of different cultures and perspectives. It emphasizes the importance of dialogue, collaboration, and critical thinking in fostering intercultural competence.

Conflict Theory views the classroom as a site of conflict between different social classes and economic groups. It highlights the ways in which social inequality can influence access to educational resources, teaching methods, and student outcomes.

Classroom Management refers to the strategies and techniques that teachers use to create and maintain a positive and productive learning environment. It involves establishing rules and procedures, managing student behavior, and promoting student engagement.

Functionalism views the classroom as a social system that serves to maintain social order and stability. It emphasizes the ways in which the classroom reproduces social inequalities and prepares students for their future roles in society.

Cultural Identity Education is an approach to education that aims to promote understanding and appreciation of one's own culture and identity. It emphasizes the importance of self-awareness, self-acceptance, and critical thinking in fostering cultural identity development.

Social Network Theory examines the ways in which social networks and peer groups influence individual behavior and outcomes. In the context of the classroom, Social Network Theory can be used to understand how students' social connections and interactions affect their academic performance and social development.

Curriculum Negotiation refers to the process by which teachers and students negotiate and define the curriculum and learning objectives in the classroom. It involves discussions, debates, and compromises between teachers and students to determine what is taught, how it is taught, and how it is assessed.

Symbolic Interactionism views language and communication as central to social interaction and meaning-making. In the context of the classroom, Symbolic Interactionism can be used to understand how teachers and students use language to construct and negotiate knowledge, power, and social relationships.