Aryabhata, a renowned mathematician and astronomer, is widely regarded as the 'Father of Indian Mathematics' for his significant contributions to various mathematical fields, including arithmetic, algebra, and astronomy.

Brahmagupta, a prominent mathematician and astronomer, is credited with developing the concept of zero, which revolutionized mathematics and paved the way for advanced mathematical operations.

Jantar Mantar is a collection of astronomical observatories built by Maharaja Jai Singh II in various cities across India. These observatories were used to study celestial bodies and make accurate astronomical observations.

Srinivasa Ramanujan, a self-taught mathematician, made significant contributions to number theory and Diophantine analysis. He is known for his remarkable mathematical insights and discoveries, despite having limited formal education.

Surya Siddhanta is an ancient Indian astronomical text that provides detailed information about planetary positions, eclipses, and other astronomical phenomena. It is considered a significant work in the history of astronomy.

Bhaskara II, a renowned mathematician and astronomer, is credited with developing the concept of the 'Fibonacci sequence', a series of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.

Lilavati is a section of the mathematical treatise 'Bijaganita' written by Bhaskara II. It contains a collection of algebraic problems and their solutions, covering topics such as arithmetic, algebra, and geometry.

Aryabhata proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system, where the Sun is at the center and the planets revolve around it. This model was later refined by other astronomers, including Copernicus and Galileo.

Gnomon is an ancient Indian astronomical instrument used to measure the altitude of celestial bodies. It consists of a vertical rod or pillar with markings to indicate the position of the Sun or stars.

Bhaskara II developed the concept of the 'Pascal's triangle', a triangular array of binomial coefficients. This triangle is named after Blaise Pascal, who later rediscovered it in the 17th century.

Jantar Mantar in Varanasi is one of the five astronomical observatories built by Maharaja Jai Singh II. It consists of various instruments used for astronomical observations, including sundials, quadrants, and astrolabes.

Srinivasa Ramanujan made significant contributions to calculus and infinite series. He developed innovative mathematical techniques and formulas that expanded the understanding of these mathematical fields.

Sundial is an ancient Indian astronomical instrument used to measure the time of day. It consists of a flat plate with markings that indicate the position of the Sun and the corresponding time.

Baudhayana, an ancient Indian mathematician, is credited with developing the concept of the 'Pythagorean theorem' independently of Pythagoras. His work on geometry and mathematics influenced later mathematical developments.