Pythagoras, known for his mathematical and philosophical teachings, is believed to have traveled to India and encountered Indian spiritual and philosophical ideas that influenced his own philosophical system.

Brahman is a central concept in Indian philosophy, representing the ultimate reality, the underlying unity, and the interconnectedness of all things in the universe.

Friedrich Nietzsche was greatly influenced by Indian philosophy, particularly the Upanishads. He incorporated these ideas into his own philosophical system, notably his concept of the 'Overman' (Übermensch), which represents a higher state of being beyond conventional morality and societal norms.

Yoga, in its philosophical context, emphasizes the importance of self-knowledge, ethical conduct, and meditative practices as a means to achieve liberation from suffering and attain a state of spiritual realization.

William James, a prominent American philosopher and psychologist, was deeply influenced by Indian philosophy, particularly the Upanishads. He incorporated these ideas into his own theories of consciousness, the nature of reality, and the importance of personal experience in understanding the world.

Samsara is a central concept in Indian philosophy, referring to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, driven by one's actions and desires. The goal of many Indian philosophical and spiritual traditions is to break free from this cycle and attain liberation (moksha).

Leonardo Fibonacci, an Italian mathematician, was deeply influenced by Indian mathematics and astronomy. He introduced the concept of zero and the decimal system to the Western world through his book 'Liber Abaci', which had a profound impact on the development of mathematics and science in Europe.

Dharma is a central concept in Indian philosophy, referring to the moral and ethical code of conduct, duty, righteousness, and obligations that govern an individual's life and actions.

Aldous Huxley, an English writer and philosopher, was deeply influenced by Indian philosophy and spirituality. He explored the concepts of non-duality and the unity of consciousness in his writings, notably in his book 'The Perennial Philosophy'.

Moksha is a central concept in Indian philosophy, referring to the ultimate goal of liberation, freedom from suffering, and the realization of the true self. It is the state of spiritual enlightenment and release from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist, was deeply influenced by Indian philosophy, particularly the Upanishads. He incorporated these ideas into his own theories of personal growth, self-actualization, and the hierarchy of needs.

Nyaya is a prominent Indian philosophical school that emphasizes the importance of logical reasoning, epistemology, and the nature of reality. It seeks to establish a rigorous system of logic and argumentation to understand the world and distinguish between valid and invalid knowledge.

Ralph Waldo Emerson, an American philosopher and writer, was deeply influenced by Indian philosophy and spirituality. He explored the concepts of karma, the interconnectedness of all things, and the importance of intuition and self-reliance in his writings.

Vaisheshika is an Indian philosophical school that emphasizes the importance of experience, perception, and the nature of consciousness. It seeks to understand the world through careful observation, analysis, and classification of different categories of existence.

Arthur Schopenhauer, a German philosopher, was deeply influenced by Indian philosophy and spirituality. He explored the concepts of maya (illusion), the suffering inherent in existence, and the search for the true self in his writings.