The Babylonian legal system, particularly the Code of Hammurabi, is renowned for its comprehensive written laws and regulations.

The Twelve Tables, enacted in the 5th century BCE, served as the foundation of Roman law and influenced subsequent legal developments.

Greek law, particularly the Athenian legal system, placed great importance on equity and fairness, seeking to balance the rights and interests of all parties involved.

The vizier in ancient Egypt was the chief administrator, responsible for overseeing the implementation and enforcement of laws, as well as managing the overall functioning of the legal system.

Incan law, particularly under the rule of Pachacuti, prioritized restorative justice and mediation, aiming to resolve conflicts peacefully and maintain social harmony.

The Han Code, also known as the Han律令, was the primary source of law during the Han Dynasty in ancient China, providing a comprehensive set of regulations and guidelines.

Roman law, particularly during the later Republic and early Empire, made extensive use of legal fictions and equitable remedies to address complex legal issues and achieve just outcomes.

The Manusmriti, also known as the Laws of Manu, was the primary source of law during the Gupta Empire in ancient India, providing a comprehensive set of rules and regulations.

Hebrew law, as found in the Torah, emphasizes the principle of 'lex talionis', which seeks retribution for crimes through punishments that mirror the harm caused.

In ancient Greece, the 'dikasts' were citizens who served as jurors in legal trials, playing a crucial role in determining the outcome of cases.

English Common Law, which developed over time through judicial decisions, places great importance on the principle of 'stare decisis', whereby courts are bound to follow previous rulings in similar cases.

In ancient Rome, the 'praetors' served as judges, presiding over legal trials and issuing rulings based on the applicable laws and regulations.

Stoic philosophy, particularly through the writings of thinkers like Zeno of Citium and Seneca, emphasized the concept of 'natural law', arguing that there are universal moral principles that guide human behavior.

In ancient Egypt, the 'scribes' played a crucial role in the legal system by documenting and recording legal proceedings, contracts, and other important legal documents.

Roman law, particularly during the later Republic and early Empire, developed the concept of 'ius gentium', a body of law applicable to all people, regardless of their citizenship, and served as a foundation for international law.