The first official military survey of India was conducted by the British East India Company in 1800, under the leadership of Colonel William Lambton.

The Survey of India is the national mapping agency of India, responsible for the production of topographic maps, geodetic control, and other geospatial data.

Military cartography serves a variety of purposes, including navigation, terrain analysis, target identification, and planning for military operations.

Contour lines are the most common method used to represent relief on a map, as they provide a continuous representation of the elevation of the land surface.

Map transfer refers to the process of transferring information from a map to the ground, typically using a compass and a protractor.

Operational maps are specifically designed for military operations, providing detailed information about the terrain, infrastructure, and other features relevant to military planning and decision-making.

Photogrammetry is the process of creating maps from aerial photographs, using specialized techniques to extract accurate measurements and information from the images.

Road maps are commonly used for navigation purposes, as they provide detailed information about roads, highways, and other transportation routes.

Surveying is the process of determining the location of a point on the Earth's surface, typically using instruments such as theodolites and levels.

Topographic maps, operational maps, and strategic maps are all commonly used for planning military operations, providing different levels of detail and information relevant to different aspects of the planning process.

Remote sensing is the process of creating maps from satellite imagery, using specialized techniques to extract accurate measurements and information from the images.

Thematic maps are commonly used for displaying statistical data, as they allow for the visualization of specific themes or patterns in the data.

Leveling is the process of determining the elevation of a point on the Earth's surface, typically using instruments such as levels and rods.

Political maps are commonly used for displaying political boundaries, such as countries, states, and provinces.