Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for climate change. It is released into the atmosphere through human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes.

Climate change affects India in various ways, including increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as heatwaves, droughts, floods, and cyclones; rising sea levels leading to coastal erosion and inundation; and changes in precipitation patterns resulting in altered agricultural yields and water availability.

Odisha is considered the most vulnerable state in India to climate change due to its long coastline, high population density in coastal areas, and frequent exposure to cyclones and floods.

The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote sustainable development, and adapt to the impacts of climate change through a comprehensive approach involving various sectors and stakeholders.

The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), and Indian Institute of Science (IISc) are among the leading research institutions in India that conduct extensive research on climate change and its impacts.

The National Institute for Climate and Environmental Sciences (NICES) is India's first dedicated climate change research center, established in 2015 to advance research and understanding of climate change and its impacts.

Delhi has launched a program called the Delhi Electric Vehicle Policy to promote the adoption of electric vehicles in the city, aiming to reduce air pollution and contribute to climate change mitigation.

The National Solar Mission is a major initiative launched by the Government of India to promote the development and deployment of solar energy technologies in the country.

Rajasthan has the highest installed capacity of solar power in India, with large-scale solar parks and projects contributing to its renewable energy generation.

The National Wind Mission is a government initiative aimed at promoting the development and deployment of wind energy technologies in India.

Tamil Nadu has the highest installed capacity of wind power in India, with extensive wind farms and projects contributing to its renewable energy generation.

The National Energy Efficiency Mission is a government initiative aimed at promoting energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption in various sectors across India.

Karnataka has implemented a comprehensive energy efficiency program called the Karnataka Energy Efficiency Program, which includes initiatives to promote energy-efficient technologies, appliances, and practices.

The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture is a government initiative aimed at promoting sustainable agricultural practices, improving productivity, and reducing the environmental impact of agriculture in India.

Sikkim has implemented a program called the Sikkim Organic Mission, which aims to convert the entire state into an organic farming hub, promoting sustainable agricultural practices and reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.