The first Law Commission of India was established in 1834 under the Charter Act of 1833. It was tasked with codifying and reforming the laws of India.

The Nehru Committee, also known as the All Parties Conference Committee, was responsible for recommending the establishment of the Supreme Court of India in its report submitted in 1928.

The primary function of the Supreme Court of India is to interpret the Constitution and to ensure that laws are in accordance with the Constitution.

Article 124 of the Indian Constitution deals with the appointment of judges to the Supreme Court. It specifies the qualifications and the procedure for their appointment.

Judicial review is the power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional. It is a fundamental principle of the Indian legal system that ensures that laws are in accordance with the Constitution.

The doctrine of basic structure was established in the landmark case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala in 1973. The Supreme Court held that certain fundamental features of the Constitution cannot be amended.

The National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) was established in 2014 to appoint judges to the Supreme Court and High Courts. However, it was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2015.

The Justice Malimath Committee, also known as the Committee on Reforms of Criminal Justice System, was responsible for recommending reforms to the Indian judicial system in 2009.

Plea bargaining is a process in which the accused admits guilt in exchange for a reduced sentence. It is a mechanism to reduce the burden on the courts and to expedite the resolution of cases.

The right to free and fair trial was established in the landmark case of A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras in 1950. The Supreme Court held that this right is an essential part of the right to life and liberty guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution.

The Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 was enacted to establish Gram Nyayalayas (village courts) in rural areas to provide access to justice to the rural population.

The Justice Jeevan Reddy Committee, also known as the Committee to Review the Working of the Indian Legal System, was responsible for recommending reforms to the Indian legal system in 1986.

The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) was established in 1995 to provide legal aid to the poor and marginalized.

The right to speedy trial was established in the landmark case of Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar in 1979. The Supreme Court held that this right is an essential part of the right to life and liberty guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution.

The Judicial Standards and Accountability Bill, 2010 was introduced to establish a National Judicial Commission for the appointment of judges and to provide for the removal of judges for misconduct.