Scatting, the art of improvising vocal melodies using nonsense syllables, is a prominent technique in Indian Jazz and Blues.

Gamaka refers to the intricate embellishments and variations applied to notes in Indian music, adding depth and expressiveness to vocal melodies.

Delta Blues, originating from the Mississippi Delta region, is characterized by its raw and emotive vocal style, expressing personal struggles and hardships.

Call and Response, a common vocal technique in African-American music, involves the exchange of vocal phrases between a lead singer and a chorus or audience.

Raga-alap is an unmetered, improvisational exploration of a raga, allowing the vocalist to establish the mood and melodic contours of the performance.

Taan is a virtuosic vocal technique involving rapid and intricate passages, showcasing the singer's technical prowess and ability to navigate complex melodic patterns.

Carnatic Classical music is known for its precise intonation, adherence to strict melodic rules, and intricate rhythmic patterns.

Qawwali is a devotional vocal style associated with Sufi mysticism, known for its ecstatic and trance-inducing performances.

Indian Jazz is a fusion genre that combines elements of Hindustani classical music and Western jazz, resulting in improvisational melodies, complex rhythmic structures, and a unique blend of Eastern and Western musical traditions.

Microtonality is a vocal technique that involves the use of microtones, or notes that fall between the standard intervals of the Western musical scale, adding a unique and nuanced dimension to melodies.

Melisma is a vocal style that emphasizes the use of melismatic passages, or the rapid and intricate movement between notes within a single syllable, creating a sense of ornamentation and virtuosity.

Riffing is a vocal technique that involves the repetition of a short melodic phrase or rhythmic pattern, often used to create a sense of groove or momentum in a performance.

Improvisation is a vocal style that involves the spontaneous creation of melodies and lyrics during a performance, allowing the vocalist to express their creativity and individuality.

Vocal Effects is a vocal technique that involves the use of electronic effects, such as distortion, reverb, or delay, to create a unique and stylized sound, adding an extra layer of creativity and expression to the performance.

Indian Fusion is a vocal style that combines elements of Indian classical music and Western pop or rock music, resulting in catchy melodies, accessible lyrics, and a blend of traditional and contemporary musical elements.