Fertilizers are not pesticides. They are substances that are added to soil or plants to provide nutrients and promote growth.

Herbicides are designed to inhibit the growth of plants, typically by interfering with their metabolic processes.

Volatilization is the process by which pesticides and herbicides evaporate from soil or plant surfaces and enter the atmosphere. This can contribute to air pollution and can also lead to the transport of these chemicals over long distances.

Pesticides and herbicides can contribute to climate change by releasing greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, by reducing the Earth's albedo (reflectivity), and by altering the water cycle.

All of the above strategies can help to reduce the contribution of pesticides and herbicides to air pollution and climate change. Using more selective pesticides and herbicides reduces the amount of these chemicals that are applied to the environment. Reducing the application rates of pesticides and herbicides also reduces the amount of these chemicals that are released into the environment. Adopting integrated pest management (IPM) practices can help to reduce the reliance on pesticides and herbicides by using a variety of non-chemical methods to control pests.