TEK is a body of knowledge that has been passed down through generations within a community and is based on the experiences and observations of people who live in close connection with their natural environment.

TEK is transmitted through a variety of means, including oral storytelling, visual art, and practical experience.

TEK encompasses a wide range of knowledge about the natural world, including knowledge of plants, animals, weather, and climate.

TEK can be used to address a variety of contemporary environmental challenges, including land degradation, biodiversity loss, and climate change.

There are a number of challenges to incorporating TEK into environmental decision-making, including lack of awareness and understanding, difficulty in documenting and codifying TEK, and resistance from those who view it as unscientific or outdated.

There are a number of ways to overcome the challenges to incorporating TEK into environmental decision-making, including educating policymakers and decision-makers, developing methods for documenting and codifying TEK, and building relationships between Indigenous communities and environmental decision-makers.

There are a number of successful initiatives that have incorporated TEK into environmental decision-making, including the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority's use of TEK to inform its management of the Great Barrier Reef, the Canadian government's use of TEK to inform its development of a national climate change adaptation strategy, and the United Nations Development Programme's use of TEK to inform its work on sustainable development in Indigenous communities.

TEK can play an important role in addressing climate change, as it can provide insights into how Indigenous communities have adapted to climate change in the past, help to identify vulnerable ecosystems and communities that are at risk from climate change, and inform the development of climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies that are culturally appropriate and effective.

TEK can be used to inform climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in a variety of ways, including identifying areas that are at risk from climate change, developing climate change adaptation strategies that are tailored to the specific needs and circumstances of Indigenous communities, and developing climate change mitigation strategies that are based on traditional practices and knowledge.

There are a number of challenges to using TEK to inform climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies, including lack of awareness and understanding of TEK among climate change policymakers and decision-makers, difficulty in documenting and codifying TEK in a way that is accessible to non-Indigenous people, and resistance to TEK from those who view it as unscientific or outdated.

There are a number of ways to overcome the challenges to using TEK to inform climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies, including educating climate change policymakers and decision-makers about TEK and its value, developing methods for documenting and codifying TEK in a way that is accessible to non-Indigenous people, and building relationships between Indigenous communities and climate change policymakers and decision-makers.

There are a number of successful initiatives that have used TEK to inform climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies, including the Inuit Circumpolar Council's use of TEK to inform its development of a climate change adaptation strategy for the Arctic, the Maori Climate Change Commission's use of TEK to inform its development of a climate change adaptation strategy for New Zealand, and the United Nations Development Programme's use of TEK to inform its work on climate change adaptation and mitigation in Indigenous communities.

Indigenous knowledge can play a vital role in environmental conservation by helping to identify and protect areas of ecological importance, informing the development of sustainable land management practices, and helping to adapt to climate change and mitigate its impacts.

Indigenous knowledge has been used to conserve biodiversity in a variety of ways, including the use of traditional fire management practices, traditional agricultural practices, and traditional hunting and fishing practices.