Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is produced by the parathyroid glands and plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the body.

Humans typically have four parathyroid glands, located behind the thyroid gland in the neck.

The primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is to regulate calcium and phosphate metabolism in the body.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) does not directly stimulate the production of vitamin D. It primarily regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism through its effects on the intestines, kidneys, and bones.

The most common cause of hyperparathyroidism is a parathyroid adenoma, which is a benign tumor of the parathyroid gland.

Constipation is not typically associated with hyperparathyroidism. Common symptoms include bone pain, muscle weakness, kidney stones, and increased urination.

The primary treatment for hyperparathyroidism is surgery to remove the affected parathyroid gland(s).

Hyperthyroidism is not associated with hypoparathyroidism. Common symptoms of hypoparathyroidism include low blood calcium levels, increased blood phosphate levels, muscle spasms, and tingling sensations in the hands and feet.

The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is damage to the parathyroid glands during surgery, particularly thyroid surgery.

Surgery to remove the affected parathyroid gland(s) is not a treatment for hypoparathyroidism. Common treatments include calcium and vitamin D supplements, parathyroid hormone (PTH) replacement therapy, and lifestyle modifications.

The parathyroid glands are not controlled by the pituitary gland. They function independently to regulate calcium and phosphate metabolism.

Hyperparathyroidism is the condition characterized by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Increased appetite is not a typical symptom of hyperparathyroidism. Common symptoms include bone pain, kidney stones, muscle weakness, and fatigue.

The primary treatment for hyperparathyroidism caused by a parathyroid adenoma is surgery to remove the adenoma.

High blood pressure is not a typical complication of hypoparathyroidism. Common complications include cataracts, dental problems, muscle spasms, and seizures.