Ankur (1974), directed by Shyam Benegal, is often regarded as a groundbreaking film that challenged traditional gender roles and depicted a woman's struggle for independence.

During this period, women were often depicted as submissive and dependent on men, reinforcing traditional gender roles and societal expectations.

Mughal-e-Azam (1960) features Anarkali, a courtesan who defies societal expectations and pursues her love for Prince Salim, challenging traditional gender roles.

Damini (1993) addresses the issue of dowry and its devastating consequences, highlighting the struggles faced by women in a patriarchal society.

Contemporary Indian cinema has seen a growing number of films that challenge traditional gender roles, promote female empowerment, and explore women's perspectives and experiences, contributing to a more nuanced and diverse portrayal of women.

Chak De! India (2007) features a female protagonist, Kabir Khan, who overcomes personal challenges and leads the Indian women's hockey team to victory, symbolizing women's empowerment and resilience.

Arth (1982) is often regarded as a turning point in the portrayal of women in Indian cinema, as it presented a complex and realistic portrayal of a woman's experience in a modern urban setting, challenging traditional stereotypes.

Lagaan (2001) addresses the issue of female infanticide and its consequences, highlighting the importance of valuing girls and promoting gender equality.

During this period, there was a gradual shift towards portraying women as more independent and assertive, challenging traditional gender roles and societal expectations.

Veer-Zaara (2004) features a female protagonist, Zaara, who fights for justice and overcomes societal barriers to be with the man she loves, symbolizing women's strength and resilience.

Lamhe (1991) is often regarded as a milestone in the portrayal of women's sexuality and desire in Indian cinema, as it explores the complex relationship between a mother and her daughter and their romantic desires.

Contemporary Indian cinema has seen a growing number of films that challenge traditional gender roles, promote female empowerment, and explore women's perspectives and experiences, contributing to a more nuanced and diverse portrayal of women.

Chak De! India (2007) features a female protagonist, Kabir Khan, who overcomes personal challenges and leads the Indian women's hockey team to victory, symbolizing women's empowerment and resilience.

Arth (1982) is often regarded as a turning point in the portrayal of women in Indian cinema, as it presented a complex and realistic portrayal of a woman's experience in a modern urban setting, challenging traditional stereotypes.

Lagaan (2001) addresses the issue of female infanticide and its consequences, highlighting the importance of valuing girls and promoting gender equality.