Carrying capacity refers to the maximum population size that can be sustained by a given environment without causing irreversible damage to its resources.

Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are non-renewable resources because they take millions of years to form and cannot be replenished quickly.

Agricultural expansion, particularly for large-scale farming and livestock grazing, is the leading cause of deforestation worldwide.

Monaco, a city-state on the French Riviera, has the highest population density in the world, with over 18,000 people per square kilometer.

Resource processing involves transforming raw materials into usable forms, such as refining crude oil into gasoline or processing minerals into metals.

Oxygen is not a major type of air pollution because it is a natural component of the Earth's atmosphere and is essential for life.

Resource conservation involves using resources efficiently, reducing waste, and finding alternative sources of energy and materials.

Natural disasters, such as floods and hurricanes, can cause water pollution, but they are not a major ongoing source of water contamination.

Resource substitution involves replacing non-renewable resources, such as fossil fuels, with renewable sources, such as solar and wind energy.

Climate change can contribute to soil degradation through increased erosion and desertification, but it is not a direct cause of soil degradation like deforestation and overgrazing.

Sustainable development involves meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Nuclear energy is not a renewable energy source because it relies on the finite supply of uranium and other radioactive materials.

Waste reduction involves minimizing the amount of waste generated at the source, such as by using less packaging or choosing products with less waste.

Water is a renewable resource because it can be replenished through the water cycle.

Resource sustainability involves managing resources in a way that ensures their availability for future generations.