The Rigveda, one of the four Vedas, contains hymns and verses that mention the creation of the universe and the role of various deities in this process.

In the Rigveda, water is often associated with the origin of the universe and is seen as the primordial element from which all other elements and beings emerged.

Meghnad Saha, an Indian astrophysicist, proposed the idea of an expanding universe in the 1930s, independently of Edwin Hubble's observations.

Astrosat, also known as the Indian Space Observatory, was launched in 2017 to study various astronomical phenomena, including the cosmic microwave background radiation, which provides insights into the early universe.

Vijay Bhalerao, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, and B.S. Sathyaprakash are Indian astronomers who made significant contributions to the discovery of gravitational waves by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) in 2015.

The Indian Cosmology Initiative (ICI) is a collaborative effort among Indian institutions and international partners to promote research and education in cosmology and astrophysics.

The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bengaluru has a dedicated Centre for Cosmology and Astrophysics, which conducts research in various areas of cosmology and astrophysics.

The Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) is a 2-meter optical telescope located at the Devasthal Observatory in Uttarakhand, India.

T. Padmanabhan is an Indian cosmologist and astrophysicist known for his work on the evolution of galaxies, the formation of cosmic structures, and the nature of dark energy.

PRISM (Polarization of the Radiation from Stars and the Interstellar Medium) is a planned Indian satellite mission to study the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation and the interstellar medium.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, an Indian-American astrophysicist, made significant contributions to the study of the cosmic microwave background radiation and the early universe.

The Indian Gravitational Waves Initiative (IGWI) is a collaborative effort among Indian institutions and international partners to promote research and education in gravitational waves.

The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bengaluru has a dedicated Centre for High Energy Physics, which conducts research in various areas of high energy physics, including cosmology and astrophysics.

The Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) is a 2-meter optical telescope located at the Hanle Observatory in Ladakh, India.

Jayant Narlikar is an Indian cosmologist and astrophysicist known for his work on the formation of cosmic structures and the evolution of galaxies.