Agroforestry aims to combine the benefits of trees and crops in a single system, resulting in improved productivity, environmental benefits, and resilience.

Contour farming is a soil and water conservation practice that involves farming along the contours of a slope. It is not typically considered an agroforestry practice.

Agroforestry practices can help reduce soil erosion, improve water quality, and increase carbon sequestration, contributing to a more sustainable and resilient environment.

Monoculture is a farming practice that involves growing a single crop on a large area of land. It is not considered an agroforestry system because it does not integrate trees or shrubs.

Agroforestry practices can lead to increased crop yields, improved livestock productivity, and diversified income sources, resulting in improved economic outcomes for farmers.

Pine is not commonly used in agroforestry systems because it is not a nitrogen-fixing species and can compete with crops for water and nutrients.

Nitrogen-fixing trees have the ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by plants. This helps to improve soil fertility and reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers.

Windbreaks are typically used in open areas to reduce wind erosion and protect crops. They are not commonly used in sloping areas.

Agroforestry systems can involve high initial investment costs, require technical knowledge for implementation, and have long-term maintenance requirements. These challenges can hinder the adoption of agroforestry practices.

Homegardens are typically found in humid and sub-humid regions. They are not commonly practiced in arid and semi-arid regions due to water scarcity.

Agroforestry systems can contribute to climate change mitigation by sequestering carbon dioxide, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and increasing soil carbon storage.

Contour farming is a soil and water conservation practice that is typically used in sloping areas. It is not commonly practiced in humid and sub-humid regions.

Agroforestry systems can contribute to biodiversity conservation by providing habitat for wildlife, maintaining genetic diversity, and promoting ecological connectivity.

The Taungya system is a type of agroforestry practice that is commonly used in Southeast Asia. It is not typically practiced in tropical regions outside of Southeast Asia.

Agroforestry systems can contribute to sustainable agriculture by improving soil health, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and enhancing water use efficiency.