While astrobiology is a growing field of research worldwide, it is not yet a major focus area in modern Indian astronomy.

The Indian Astronomical Observatory (IAO) in Hanle, Ladakh, is equipped with specialized instruments for observing gamma-ray bursts and other high-energy phenomena.

The X-ray Imaging Telescope (XRT) is a proposed Indian space telescope mission designed to study the early universe and the evolution of galaxies.

R. C. Kapoor, an Indian astronomer, was part of the team that discovered the first extrasolar planet orbiting a Sun-like star, 51 Pegasi b, in 1995.

The Indian Neutrino Observatory (INO) project aims to study the properties of neutrinos, including their mass, mixing, and oscillations.

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) in Pune, Maharashtra, is a powerful radio telescope used for studying radio pulsars and other astronomical objects.

The Aditya-L1 mission is an upcoming Indian space mission designed to study the Sun's corona and its impact on Earth's climate.

B. R. Desai, an Indian astronomer, is known for his contributions to the study of black holes, gravitational waves, and cosmology.

The Vainu Bappu Observatory (VBO) in Kavalur, Tamil Nadu, is known for its contributions to optical astronomy, including the study of stars, galaxies, and nebulae.

Homi J. Bhabha, an Indian physicist and astronomer, is known for his contributions to the study of cosmic rays and the development of nuclear physics in India.

The Mangalyaan-2 mission is an upcoming Indian space mission aimed at studying the Martian atmosphere and searching for signs of life on Mars.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, an Indian-American astrophysicist, is known for his contributions to the study of galaxy formation and evolution, as well as his work on white dwarfs and neutron stars.

The Indian Astronomical Observatory (IAO) in Hanle, Ladakh, is also equipped with instruments for infrared astronomy, allowing astronomers to study cool objects like dust clouds and protostars.

Harish-Chandra, an Indian mathematician and physicist, is known for his contributions to the study of stellar evolution and the theory of black holes.