Behaviorism is a psychological school of thought that focuses on observable behavior rather than internal mental processes. It is not a major theoretical perspective in sociology.

Auguste Comte is widely regarded as the father of sociology. He coined the term 'sociology' and developed the concept of social statics and social dynamics.

Functionalism views society as a complex system where each part contributes to the overall functioning and stability of the whole.

Symbolic interactionism focuses on how individuals interpret and respond to symbols and meanings in their social interactions.

Conflict theory argues that social inequality and conflict are inherent features of society due to the competition for scarce resources.

Max Weber introduced the concept of the 'iron cage of rationality,' referring to the increasing rationalization and bureaucratization of modern society.

Pierre Bourdieu's concept of 'habitus' refers to the embodied dispositions and practices that shape individuals' social behavior and perceptions.

Social Exchange Theory focuses on the exchange of resources and benefits between individuals and groups in social interactions.

Postmodernism challenges the idea of a universal truth and emphasizes the diversity and fluidity of knowledge and social realities.

Charles Cooley's concept of the 'looking-glass self' suggests that individuals develop their self-concept based on how they perceive others perceive them.

The social construction of reality emphasizes the role of social processes and interactions in shaping our understanding of the world.

Feminist Theory, Critical Race Theory, Postcolonial Theory, and Queer Theory all examine the power dynamics and social inequalities based on gender, race, colonialism, and sexual orientation, respectively.

Reflexivity in sociology acknowledges the researcher's positionality and potential impact on the research outcomes.

Erving Goffman's concept of 'dramaturgy' compares social interactions to theatrical performances, where individuals present themselves to others in specific ways.

Social capital encompasses the advantages and opportunities individuals derive from their social connections.