Sruti is the Sanskrit term for the smallest interval in Indian music, representing the basic unit of pitch.

The Veena is a string instrument with a long history in Indian classical music. Its construction is based on mathematical principles, including the use of specific ratios to determine the placement of frets.

Arohana refers to the ascending melodic movement of a raga, while Avarohana is the descending movement.

The Golden Ratio, also known as the Divine Proportion, is often found in the rhythmic structures of Indian music, particularly in the construction of tala cycles.

Alaap is the introductory section of a raga performance, where the musician explores the melodic contours and nuances of the raga through improvisation.

Aryabhata, a renowned Indian mathematician and astronomer, is known for his contributions to the field of music theory. His work, the Aryabhatiya, includes a section dedicated to the mathematical principles of music.

Tala refers to the rhythmic cycle in Indian music, which consists of a specific number of beats arranged in a repeating pattern.

Just Intonation is a tuning system used in Indian music, where the intervals between notes are based on simple ratios of small whole numbers.

Jugalbandi refers to the simultaneous performance of two or more ragas by different musicians, creating a harmonious blend of melodies.

The Tanpura is a string instrument with a long neck and a gourd-shaped resonator. It is used to provide a continuous drone, serving as a reference point for tuning and improvisation.

Jod is the concluding section of a raga performance, where the musician brings the raga to a close with a flourish of melodic and rhythmic variations.

Bhaskara II, a renowned Indian mathematician and astronomer, wrote extensively about the relationship between music and mathematics in his treatise, the Lilavati.

Avarohana refers to the descending melodic movement of a raga, while Arohana is the ascending movement.

The Sitar is a string instrument with a long neck and a gourd-shaped resonator. It is known for its distinctive sound and is often used in Hindustani classical music.

Vadi refers to the most important note in a raga, which is emphasized during the performance.