Rene Descartes is credited with developing analytic geometry, which laid the foundation for modern mathematics.

The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus is an ancient Egyptian mathematical text that dates back to around 1650 BC.

Carl Friedrich Gauss is often referred to as the greatest mathematician of all time due to his contributions to a wide range of mathematical fields.

The Turing Machine is considered the most important mathematical discovery of the 20th century due to its implications for computer science and artificial intelligence.

The Riemann Hypothesis is one of the most famous unsolved mathematical problems and is considered one of the most important problems in mathematics.

Isaac Newton is credited with developing calculus independently of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.

The Ishango bone is a bone tool that is believed to be the oldest known mathematical object, dating back to around 20,000 BC.

Euclid is considered the father of geometry due to his influential work, Elements, which laid the foundation for geometry.

E=mc^2 is the most famous mathematical equation due to its implications for physics and its association with Albert Einstein.

Pierre de Fermat is considered the father of number theory due to his pioneering work in the field.

The Theory of Relativity is considered the most important mathematical discovery of the 19th century due to its implications for physics and our understanding of the universe.

Thomas Bayes is considered the father of statistics due to his work on probability and Bayes' theorem.

The Calculus of Variations is considered the most important mathematical discovery of the 18th century due to its applications in physics and engineering.

Leonhard Euler is considered the father of topology due to his work on graph theory and polyhedra.

The Calculus is considered the most important mathematical discovery of the 17th century due to its applications in physics and engineering.