The University of Bologna, founded in 1088, is considered to be the first modern university.

Early international education was often driven by religious organizations seeking to spread their faith in other countries.

Nationalism, with its focus on national pride and cultural heritage, influenced educational policies and practices in many countries.

The League of Nations aimed to foster cooperation among nations and prevent conflicts through collective security and peaceful resolution of disputes.

UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) was established in 1945 to promote peace and understanding among nations through education, science, culture, and communication.

The Colombo Plan was an international initiative aimed at promoting economic development and cooperation among countries in the Asia-Pacific region.

The UNESCO Convention on the Recognition of Studies, Diplomas and Degrees, adopted in 1993, aims to facilitate the recognition of foreign educational qualifications and promote international mobility of students and professionals.

The Bologna Process aimed to create a common European Higher Education Area by promoting compatibility and comparability of higher education systems, facilitating student and staff mobility, and enhancing the quality and relevance of higher education.

Education for All (EFA) was a global initiative launched in 2000 to achieve universal primary education, expand access to secondary education, and improve the quality of education for all children.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2015, include a specific goal dedicated to ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all.

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the lead agency responsible for coordinating efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, including Goal 4 on quality education.

The Global Partnership for Education (GPE) is a multilateral partnership that provides financial support to developing countries to help them improve their education systems and achieve education goals.

The Open Educational Resources (OER) Movement, UNESCO OER Recommendation, and Cape Town Open Education Declaration are all international initiatives that aim to promote the development and use of open educational resources and open educational practices.

The Erasmus+ program aims to promote student mobility within Europe, support international cooperation in education and training, and enhance the quality of higher education.

The Tokyo Convention, also known as the Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications in the Asia-Pacific Region, aims to promote the recognition of higher education qualifications and facilitate the mobility of students and professionals within the Asia-Pacific region.