Dams trap sediment, leading to the deposition of sediment upstream of the dam and the erosion of sediment downstream.

Dams trap sediment, reducing the amount of sediment that is transported downstream.

Aggradation is the process by which sediment is deposited upstream of a dam, raising the riverbed elevation.

Degradation is the process by which sediment is eroded downstream of a dam, lowering the riverbed elevation.

Dams trap sediment, which leads to the deposition of sediment upstream of the dam and the erosion of sediment downstream. This can result in a deeper channel downstream of the dam.

Dams trap sediment, reducing the amount of sediment that is transported downstream. This can result in a decrease in the sediment transport capacity of the river.

Channel adjustment is the process by which a river channel adjusts to a change in sediment load. This can involve changes in the channel width, depth, and slope.

Dams can reduce the geomorphic diversity of a river by creating a more uniform channel morphology and reducing the sediment supply to downstream reaches.

Dams can degrade the ecological health of a river by altering the flow regime, sediment transport, and geomorphic diversity of the river.

Irrigation projects can cause erosion, deposition, salinization, and waterlogging.

Irrigation projects can cause erosion by changing the sediment load of a river. When water is diverted from a river for irrigation, the sediment load of the river is reduced. This can lead to erosion downstream of the diversion point.

Irrigation projects can cause deposition by decreasing the amount of water flowing through a river. When water is diverted from a river for irrigation, the velocity of the water is reduced. This can lead to the deposition of sediment downstream of the diversion point.

Irrigation projects can cause salinization by increasing the amount of water flowing through a river. When water is diverted from a river for irrigation, the salt concentration of the water increases. This can lead to the salinization of the soil and water downstream of the diversion point.

Irrigation projects can cause waterlogging by increasing the amount of water flowing through a river. When water is diverted from a river for irrigation, the water table can rise. This can lead to waterlogging in the surrounding areas.

There are a number of ways to mitigate the geomorphological impacts of dams and irrigation projects. These include using sediment bypass channels, planting vegetation along riverbanks, and using terraces and contour farming.