Backlighting is a technique where the light source is positioned behind the subject, resulting in a silhouette effect with a strong outline and a sense of mystery.

Contrast refers to the difference in brightness between light and dark areas in an image, creating a sense of visual interest and depth.

The Rule of Thirds is a composition technique where the frame is divided into thirds, both horizontally and vertically, creating four intersection points. Placing the subject along these lines or at their intersections creates a more dynamic and visually appealing composition.

Chiaroscuro is a technique that uses contrasting light and shadow to create a sense of depth, drama, and emotion in an image, often used in portrait photography to highlight facial features and expressions.

Frontlighting is a basic lighting technique where the light source is positioned in front of the subject, providing even and direct illumination, which is often used for portraits and product photography.

Angle of Incidence refers to the angle at which light strikes a subject, affecting the direction and intensity of the shadows cast, which can be used to create different visual effects.

Leading Lines is a composition technique where elements in the image, such as roads, rivers, or fences, are used to guide the viewer's gaze towards a focal point, creating a sense of depth and direction.

Exposure refers to the amount of light that reaches the camera's sensor, determining the overall brightness or darkness of the image.

Sidelighting is a technique where the light source is positioned to the side of the subject, creating strong shadows and highlights that emphasize texture and depth, often used in portrait and fashion photography.

Tonal Range refers to the spectrum of tones, from pure white to pure black, that are present in an image, affecting the overall depth, texture, and mood.

Symmetry is a composition technique where elements in the image are arranged in a mirror-like fashion around a central axis, creating a sense of balance, order, and stability.

Color Theory involves understanding the relationships between colors, including complementary colors, analogous colors, and color harmonies, to create visually appealing and emotionally impactful images.

Toplighting is a technique where the light source is positioned above the subject, creating strong shadows underneath and emphasizing texture and form, often used in portrait and fashion photography.

Dodge and Burn is a technique used in post-processing to selectively lighten (dodge) or darken (burn) specific areas of an image to enhance contrast and create a more visually appealing composition.

The Golden Ratio, also known as the divine proportion, is a mathematical ratio often used in composition to create visually pleasing and harmonious arrangements of elements in an image.