Constructivism is a learning theory that emphasizes the importance of active participation and construction of knowledge by learners. It suggests that learners construct their own understanding of the world through their experiences and interactions with others.

Behaviorism is a learning theory that emphasizes the role of observable behaviors and their consequences in shaping learning. It suggests that learning occurs through operant conditioning, classical conditioning, and reinforcement.

Cognitivism is a learning theory that emphasizes the role of mental processes in learning. It suggests that learning involves information processing, mental representation, and problem solving.

Social constructivism is a learning theory that emphasizes the importance of social interaction, collaboration, and shared knowledge construction in learning. It suggests that learners construct their understanding of the world through their interactions with others.

Behaviorism suggests that learning is a gradual process of approximation towards a desired behavior through reinforcement and punishment.

In cognitivism, schema refers to the mental structures that organize and interpret information.

Social constructivism emphasizes the importance of scaffolding and fading of support in learning, where learners are provided with temporary assistance and guidance that is gradually reduced as they become more competent.

In behaviorism, positive reinforcement refers to the process of strengthening a desired behavior by providing positive consequences.

In cognitivism, accommodation refers to the process of adapting existing schemas to accommodate new information.

Cognitivism suggests that learning is a process of equilibration between assimilation and accommodation, where new information is either incorporated into existing schemas or new schemas are created.

In social constructivism, discourse refers to the process of negotiating meaning and understanding through social interaction.

Social constructivism emphasizes the importance of the zone of proximal development in learning, where learners are provided with support and guidance to achieve tasks that are slightly beyond their current level of competence.

In behaviorism, punishment refers to the process of weakening or eliminating an undesirable behavior through negative consequences.

In cognitivism, accommodation refers to the process of creating new schemas or modifying existing ones to accommodate new information.

Social constructivism suggests that learning is a social process that occurs through collaboration and interaction with others.