The Maurya Empire, under the rule of Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka, had a well-established trade network that extended from the Indus Valley to the Ganges Plain.

Bullock carts were the primary means of transporting goods over land in ancient India.

Bharuch, located on the west coast of India, was a significant port city that facilitated trade with the Middle East, Africa, and Southeast Asia.

Textiles, particularly cotton and silk, were the most important export of ancient India, renowned for their fine quality and intricate designs.

The Satavahana kingdom, located in central and southern India, had a monopoly on the trade of precious stones, including diamonds, rubies, and sapphires.

Gold was the primary import of ancient India, as it was used for making jewelry, coins, and other valuable items.

The Gupta dynasty, under the rule of Chandragupta II, established diplomatic and trade relations with the Roman Empire, leading to an exchange of goods and cultural influences.

The Spice Route, also known as the Sea Route, was the primary trade route connecting ancient India with the Middle East and Europe, facilitating the exchange of spices, textiles, and other commodities.

Kalinga, located on the eastern coast of India, controlled the trade route connecting India with China, known as the Southern Silk Road.

Spices, particularly pepper, were the primary export of ancient India to China, highly valued for their culinary and medicinal properties.

The Chola kingdom, located in southern India, had a monopoly on the trade of ivory, obtained from elephants found in the region.

Silk was the primary import of ancient India from China, highly prized for its luxurious texture and intricate designs.

Kalinga, located on the eastern coast of India, established trade relations with Southeast Asia, particularly with kingdoms in present-day Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Textiles, particularly cotton and silk, were the primary export of ancient India to Southeast Asia, valued for their quality and intricate designs.

The Pandya kingdom, located in southern India, had a monopoly on the trade of pearls, obtained from pearl oysters found in the Gulf of Mannar.