The ancient Egyptians developed a system of writing known as hieroglyphics, which used pictorial symbols to represent words and ideas.

The ancient city of Babylon was located in Mesopotamia, which is now part of modern-day Iraq.

The Great Wall of China was built by the ancient Chinese as a defensive structure to protect their empire from nomadic invaders.

The ancient city of Machu Picchu was built by the Inca civilization in the Andes Mountains of South America.

The ancient Mesopotamians developed a complex system of mathematics and astronomy, including the concept of a 60-based number system and the division of the day into 24 hours.

The ancient city of Rome was the capital of the Roman Empire, which at its height spanned much of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.

The ancient Mesopotamians developed a system of writing known as cuneiform, which used wedge-shaped marks impressed into clay tablets.

The ancient city of Athens was a center of Greek civilization, known for its contributions to philosophy, art, literature, and democracy.

The pyramids of Giza were built by the ancient Egyptians as tombs for their pharaohs.

The ancient city of Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine Empire, which was the eastern half of the Roman Empire after its division in the 4th century.

The ancient Indus Valley civilization developed a system of writing known as the Indus script, which has not yet been deciphered.

The ancient city of Carthage was located in North Africa, in what is now Tunisia.

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were built by the ancient Mesopotamians as a royal garden for King Nebuchadnezzar II.

The ancient city of Petra was built by the Nabataeans, an Arab people who inhabited the region of modern-day Jordan.

The ancient Maya civilization developed a system of writing known as the Maya script, which was used for writing hieroglyphic texts and codices.