Achieving sustainable economic growth requires addressing multiple challenges, including decoupling economic growth from resource consumption, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and promoting social equity and inclusiveness.

Green growth refers to the process of reducing the environmental impact of economic activities while maintaining or improving economic growth.

Renewable energy technologies, energy-efficient appliances, and electric vehicles are all examples of technological innovations that can promote sustainable economic growth by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and resource consumption.

Environmental externalities refer to the economic and social costs associated with environmental degradation, such as air pollution, water pollution, and climate change.

Carbon pricing, environmental regulations, and green subsidies are all key policy instruments used to promote sustainable economic growth by encouraging businesses and consumers to adopt more environmentally friendly practices.

Sustainable development is the concept of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

All of the above are examples of trade-offs between economic growth and environmental sustainability, as they involve making choices that may have both positive and negative economic and environmental consequences.

Cornucopianism is the idea that economic growth can continue indefinitely without causing irreversible environmental damage, based on the assumption that technological progress will always find ways to overcome resource constraints.

All of the above are key challenges in measuring the environmental impact of economic growth, as they make it difficult to accurately assess the trade-offs involved in economic development.

The Environmental Kuznets curve is the idea that economic growth can lead to environmental improvements through technological innovation and efficiency gains, suggesting that environmental degradation may initially increase with economic growth but eventually decline as economies become more developed.

All of the above are key factors in promoting sustainable economic growth, as they contribute to improving resource efficiency, reducing environmental impacts, and fostering social equity.

Sustainable consumption, circular economy, and zero waste are all concepts that aim to use resources in a way that does not deplete them or harm the environment, by promoting resource efficiency, recycling, and reducing waste.

All of the above are key challenges in achieving a circular economy, as they involve overcoming technical, infrastructural, and behavioral barriers.

Absolute decoupling refers to the idea that economic growth can be decoupled from resource consumption and environmental impacts, meaning that economic growth can occur without increasing resource use or environmental degradation.

Carbon pricing, energy efficiency standards, and green subsidies are all examples of policies that can promote absolute decoupling by encouraging businesses and consumers to adopt more environmentally friendly practices and reduce resource consumption.