Mercantilism was an economic policy that aimed to increase a country's wealth and power by maximizing exports and minimizing imports.

The Physiocrats were a group of French economists in the 18th century who believed that the economy is a self-regulating system that is governed by natural laws.

The classical economists, such as Adam Smith and David Ricardo, believed that the main goal of economic policy should be to promote economic growth.

The Great Depression was caused by a combination of factors, including the stock market crash of 1929, the failure of the banking system, and the collapse of international trade.

The New Deal was a series of programs and policies implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s to address the Great Depression. The main goals of the New Deal were to provide relief to the unemployed, stimulate economic recovery, and reform the financial system.

The stagflation of the 1970s was caused by a combination of factors, including the oil crisis of 1973, the Vietnam War, and the expansionary monetary policy of the Federal Reserve.

Reaganomics was a set of economic policies implemented by President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s. The main goals of Reaganomics were to reduce taxes, cut government spending, and deregulate the economy.

The financial crisis of 2008 was caused by a combination of factors, including the subprime mortgage crisis, the failure of the investment bank Lehman Brothers, and the collapse of the housing market.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was a set of financial reforms enacted in the United States in 2010. The main goals of the Dodd-Frank Act were to reform the financial system, protect consumers from predatory lending practices, and create a new consumer financial protection agency.

The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States. The main goals of the Federal Reserve are to conduct monetary policy, supervise and regulate banks, and promote economic growth and stability.

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides financial assistance to developing countries. The main goals of the World Bank are to promote economic development, reduce poverty, and improve living standards.

The International Monetary Fund is an international financial institution that promotes international monetary cooperation, facilitates international trade, and provides financial assistance to countries in need.

The World Trade Organization is an international organization that promotes free trade, reduces trade barriers, and resolves trade disputes.

The Group of Twenty (G20) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors of the world's largest economies. The main goals of the G20 are to promote international economic cooperation, address global economic challenges, and coordinate economic policies.

The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is an intergovernmental organization that promotes trade and development. The main goals of UNCTAD are to assist developing countries in their trade negotiations, provide technical assistance to developing countries, and promote trade and development.