The ability to understand and use health information.

The ability to read and write about health.

The ability to communicate with healthcare providers.

The ability to make informed decisions about health.

Print literacy, numeracy, oral literacy, media literacy, cultural literacy, and critical literacy.

Print literacy, numeracy, oral literacy, media literacy, scientific literacy, and critical literacy.

Print literacy, numeracy, oral literacy, media literacy, health literacy, and critical literacy.

Print literacy, numeracy, oral literacy, media literacy, information literacy, and critical literacy.

Health literacy is positively associated with better health outcomes.

Health literacy is negatively associated with better health outcomes.

Health literacy is not associated with health outcomes.

The relationship between health literacy and health outcomes is unclear.

Low literacy skills, lack of access to health information, cultural and linguistic barriers, and health system complexity.

Low literacy skills, lack of access to health information, cultural and linguistic barriers, and socioeconomic status.

Low literacy skills, lack of access to health information, cultural and linguistic barriers, and lack of health insurance.

Low literacy skills, lack of access to health information, cultural and linguistic barriers, and lack of social support.

Providing clear and concise health information, using plain language, and using visuals.

Offering health education programs, providing access to health information, and training healthcare providers in health literacy.

Advocating for policies that support health literacy, funding health literacy programs, and conducting research on health literacy.

All of the above.

Schools can teach students about health and health literacy, provide opportunities for students to practice health literacy skills, and create a supportive environment for health literacy.

Schools can teach students about health and health literacy, provide opportunities for students to practice health literacy skills, and advocate for policies that support health literacy.

Schools can teach students about health and health literacy, create a supportive environment for health literacy, and advocate for policies that support health literacy.

All of the above.

Healthcare providers can use clear and concise language when communicating with patients, provide patients with written materials in plain language, and encourage patients to ask questions.

Healthcare providers can use clear and concise language when communicating with patients, provide patients with written materials in plain language, and refer patients to health literacy resources.

Healthcare providers can use clear and concise language when communicating with patients, encourage patients to ask questions, and refer patients to health literacy resources.

All of the above.

Public health agencies can develop and disseminate health education materials in plain language, provide training for healthcare providers and other professionals on health literacy, and advocate for policies that support health literacy.

Public health agencies can develop and disseminate health education materials in plain language, provide training for healthcare providers and other professionals on health literacy, and conduct research on health literacy.

Public health agencies can develop and disseminate health education materials in plain language, advocate for policies that support health literacy, and conduct research on health literacy.

All of the above.

The media can provide accurate and up-to-date health information, use clear and concise language, and avoid sensationalism.

The media can provide accurate and up-to-date health information, use clear and concise language, and promote healthy behaviors.

The media can provide accurate and up-to-date health information, avoid sensationalism, and promote healthy behaviors.

All of the above.

Community organizations can provide health education programs, offer support groups, and advocate for policies that support health literacy.

Community organizations can provide health education programs, offer support groups, and conduct research on health literacy.

Community organizations can provide health education programs, advocate for policies that support health literacy, and conduct research on health literacy.

All of the above.

Providing patients with written materials in plain language, offering health education programs, and training healthcare providers in health literacy.

Providing patients with written materials in plain language, offering support groups, and training healthcare providers in health literacy.

Providing patients with written materials in plain language, offering health education programs, and advocating for policies that support health literacy.

All of the above.

There is no single agreed-upon definition of health literacy.

Health literacy is a complex concept that is difficult to measure.

There are a variety of different health literacy assessment tools, which can make it difficult to compare results.

All of the above.

Developing new and innovative health literacy assessment tools.

Conducting research on the effectiveness of health literacy interventions.

Exploring the relationship between health literacy and other social determinants of health.

All of the above.

Health literacy is associated with better health outcomes.

Health literacy is a complex concept that is influenced by a variety of factors.

Health literacy interventions can be effective in improving health outcomes.

All of the above.

Lack of funding.

Lack of trained personnel.

Lack of political will.

All of the above.