Coral reefs are formed by the accumulation of calcium carbonate skeletons produced by tiny marine animals called coral polyps.

India is home to some of the world's most diverse coral reef ecosystems, primarily located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep Islands, and the Gulf of Mannar.

Coral reefs cover a relatively small area of the ocean, approximately 284,000 square kilometers, but they are incredibly diverse and support a wide range of marine life.

Coral bleaching is the process by which coral loses its symbiotic algae, leading to a loss of color and increased susceptibility to disease and death.

Overfishing, pollution, and climate change are all major threats to coral reefs, leading to their degradation and loss.

Coral restoration refers to the active efforts undertaken to restore damaged or degraded coral reefs and promote their recovery.

Parrotfish play a crucial role in maintaining coral reef health by grazing on algae and preventing it from overgrowing and smothering the coral.

Coral-algae symbiosis refers to the mutually beneficial relationship between coral and certain types of algae, where the algae provide nutrients through photosynthesis, and the coral provides a protected environment for the algae.

Sea anemones are known for forming symbiotic relationships with coral, where they attach themselves to the coral and provide protection in exchange for food and shelter.

Coral reef system refers to the interconnected network of coral reefs that form a complex and diverse ecosystem.

Octopuses are known for their ability to change color and texture to blend in with their surroundings, providing them with camouflage and protection.

Coral reef formation refers to the process by which coral polyps secrete calcium carbonate skeletons, which accumulate over time to form massive structures known as coral reefs.

Firefly squids are known for their ability to produce light through bioluminescence, creating a mesmerizing display in the ocean.

Coral reef monitoring refers to the ongoing process of observing and collecting data on coral reefs to assess their health, status, and changes over time.

Sea urchins play a crucial role in maintaining coral reef health by consuming algae and preventing it from overgrowing and smothering the coral.