Upamana

Anumana

Sabda

Pratyaksha

Similarity between two objects

Difference between two objects

Cause-effect relationship between two objects

Identity between two objects

Essential similarity and accidental similarity

Universal similarity and particular similarity

Objective similarity and subjective similarity

Direct similarity and indirect similarity

Similarity in terms of genus

Similarity in terms of species

Similarity in terms of individual characteristics

Similarity in terms of function

Similarity in terms of species

Similarity in terms of individual characteristics

Similarity in terms of function

Similarity in terms of external appearance

Perception is the primary means of acquiring knowledge about similarity

Perception is used to verify the similarity between two objects

Perception is used to establish the essential similarity between two objects

Perception is used to distinguish between essential and accidental similarity

Memory is used to recall the knowledge of similarity acquired through perception

Memory is used to compare the similarity between two objects

Memory is used to establish the essential similarity between two objects

Memory is used to distinguish between essential and accidental similarity

Doubt arises when there is uncertainty about the similarity between two objects

Doubt is used to investigate the similarity between two objects

Doubt is used to establish the essential similarity between two objects

Doubt is used to distinguish between essential and accidental similarity

Reasoning is used to analyze the similarity between two objects

Reasoning is used to establish the essential similarity between two objects

Reasoning is used to distinguish between essential and accidental similarity

Reasoning is used to apply the knowledge of similarity to new situations

Examples are used to illustrate the similarity between two objects

Examples are used to establish the essential similarity between two objects

Examples are used to distinguish between essential and accidental similarity

Examples are used to apply the knowledge of similarity to new situations

Analogies are used to compare the similarity between two objects

Analogies are used to establish the essential similarity between two objects

Analogies are used to distinguish between essential and accidental similarity

Analogies are used to apply the knowledge of similarity to new situations

Generalizations are used to formulate general principles of similarity

Generalizations are used to establish the essential similarity between two objects

Generalizations are used to distinguish between essential and accidental similarity

Generalizations are used to apply the knowledge of similarity to new situations

Application is the process of using the knowledge of similarity to new situations

Application is the process of establishing the essential similarity between two objects

Application is the process of distinguishing between essential and accidental similarity

Application is the process of formulating general principles of similarity

Comparison can only be used to establish similarity between two objects, not difference

Comparison can only be used to establish essential similarity, not accidental similarity

Comparison can only be used to establish similarity between two objects that are present in the same place and time

Comparison can only be used to establish similarity between two objects that are of the same kind

Comparison is a direct and intuitive means of acquiring knowledge

Comparison can be used to establish similarity between two objects that are not present in the same place and time

Comparison can be used to establish similarity between two objects that are of different kinds

Comparison can be used to formulate general principles of similarity