Economic development is not a direct factor influencing population growth, but it can have indirect effects through changes in fertility and mortality rates.

Migration encompasses both emigration (leaving one's country) and immigration (entering another country).

As of 2023, China has the largest population in the world, with over 1.4 billion people.

Brain drain involves the migration of highly skilled individuals from developing countries to developed countries, often in search of better opportunities.

Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries and peoples through trade, investment, technology, and cultural exchange.

Globalization can have various consequences, including increased cultural diversity, economic inequality, and environmental degradation, but it does not necessarily lead to increased political stability.

Demographic transition refers to the shift in a population's age structure and growth rate over time, typically involving a decline in fertility and mortality rates.

Developed countries typically have low population growth rates due to factors such as declining fertility rates and aging populations.

Carrying capacity refers to the maximum population size that an environment can sustain without degrading its resources or causing ecological imbalances.

Rapid population growth can pose challenges such as food insecurity, water scarcity, and energy shortages, but it can also lead to increased economic productivity if managed effectively.

Overpopulation occurs when the population size of a species exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment, leading to competition for resources and potential ecological imbalances.

Increased urbanization is not a direct factor contributing to global population growth, although it can have indirect effects through changes in fertility and mortality rates.

Population momentum refers to the inertia in population growth due to the large number of young people in a population, which can lead to continued growth even after fertility rates decline.

Population aging typically leads to increased healthcare costs, increased dependency ratio, and increased social welfare spending, but it does not necessarily lead to increased labor force participation.

A sustainable population is one that can maintain its size over time without exceeding the carrying capacity of its environment or causing ecological imbalances.