Language assessment is used to measure an individual's ability to use a language in a variety of contexts.

Formal language assessment is conducted in a structured setting, such as a school or testing center, while informal language assessment is conducted in a more natural setting, such as a conversation or a job interview.

Discrete-point language assessment focuses on individual language skills, such as grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation, while integrative language assessment focuses on overall language proficiency, such as the ability to communicate effectively in a variety of contexts.

Norm-referenced language assessment compares an individual's performance to the performance of other individuals, while criterion-referenced language assessment compares an individual's performance to a set of predetermined criteria.

Language assessment is a complex and challenging task. There is no single, universally accepted definition of language proficiency, and it is difficult to assess language skills in a valid and reliable way. Additionally, cultural and linguistic diversity can impact language assessment, and the cost of language assessment can be high.

There are a number of best practices for language assessment. These include using a variety of assessment methods, considering the purpose of the assessment, making sure the assessment is valid and reliable, and providing feedback to learners.

There are a variety of different types of language assessment methods. These include oral interviews, written tests, performance tasks, and portfolio assessment.

An oral interview in language assessment is used to assess speaking and listening skills, pronunciation, fluency, and vocabulary.

A written test in language assessment is used to assess reading and writing skills, grammar and vocabulary, punctuation and spelling, and overall language proficiency.

A performance task in language assessment is used to assess the ability to use language in a real-world context, the ability to communicate effectively, the ability to solve problems, and the ability to work collaboratively.

A portfolio assessment in language assessment is used to collect evidence of language learning over time, to assess the ability to use language in a variety of contexts, to assess the ability to reflect on one's own language learning, and to assess the ability to set and achieve language learning goals.

Oral interviews in language assessment can be challenging due to the difficulty of assessing speaking and listening skills in a valid and reliable way, the impact of cultural and linguistic diversity, the high cost, and the lack of trained interviewers.

Written tests in language assessment can be challenging due to the difficulty of assessing reading and writing skills in a valid and reliable way, the impact of cultural and linguistic diversity, the high cost, and the lack of trained raters.

Performance tasks in language assessment can be challenging due to the difficulty of designing tasks that are valid and reliable, the impact of cultural and linguistic diversity, the high cost, and the lack of trained raters.

Portfolio assessment in language assessment can be challenging due to the difficulty of collecting evidence of language learning over time, the impact of cultural and linguistic diversity, the high cost, and the lack of trained raters.