Divergence is a process in which two languages become more different over time, while language contact is a process in which two languages influence each other.

Borrowing is the process by which one language takes words or phrases from another language and incorporates them into its own vocabulary.

Sushi, kimono, and karaoke are all words that have been borrowed from Japanese into English.

The source language is the language that is being borrowed from.

The recipient language is the language that is borrowing the words or phrases.

All of the above factors can influence language borrowing.

Convergence is the process by which two languages become more similar over time.

All of the above are examples of language convergence.

Pidgins, creoles, and mixed languages are all terms for languages that result from the convergence of two or more languages.

Pidgins are simplified languages with a limited vocabulary and a simple grammar. They are used for communication between people who do not share a common language.

Creoles are full-fledged languages with a complex grammar. They are spoken by people who are native speakers of the language.

Mixed languages are a mixture of two or more languages. They are spoken by people who are native speakers of the language.

Substrate influence is the process by which a language influences another language that is already spoken in a particular area.

All of the above are examples of substrate influence.

The target language is the language that is being influenced by another language.