Public health surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data for the purpose of planning, implementing, and evaluating public health programs.

Data dissemination is not a component of public health surveillance, but rather a step that follows data analysis and interpretation.

Public health surveillance includes disease surveillance, but it also includes surveillance of other health-related conditions, such as injuries, environmental hazards, and social determinants of health.

Public health surveillance plays a critical role in health equity by identifying and addressing health disparities, developing and implementing policies and programs to promote health equity, and evaluating the effectiveness of health equity interventions.

All of the options are examples of health disparities, which are differences in health status between different population groups.

The social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that affect their health status.

Public health surveillance can be used to promote health equity by identifying and addressing health disparities, developing and implementing policies and programs to promote health equity, and evaluating the effectiveness of health equity interventions.

There are many challenges to achieving health equity, including structural racism, poverty and discrimination, and lack of access to health care.

Public health professionals have a role to play in promoting health equity by advocating for policies and programs that promote health equity, working with communities to address the social determinants of health, and conducting research on health disparities and their causes.

The ultimate goal of public health surveillance is to improve the health of the population, prevent disease and injury, and promote health equity.