Traffic flow theory aims to understand the collective behavior of vehicles and pedestrians in a transportation system, rather than focusing on the movement of individual vehicles.

Regression analysis, time series analysis, and the gravity model are all widely used methods for modeling traffic demand. Each method has its own strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of method depends on the specific context and data availability.

The fundamental principle underlying network optimization in transportation systems is to minimize the total travel time experienced by users. This can be achieved through various strategies, such as improving traffic signal coordination, optimizing route choices, and expanding network capacity.

Benefit-cost analysis, multi-criteria analysis, and environmental impact assessment are all commonly used techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of transportation policies and projects. Each technique provides different insights into the costs, benefits, and impacts of a given policy or project.

A transportation impact assessment aims to comprehensively evaluate the potential impacts of a transportation project on the environment, traffic flow, land use, and other relevant factors.

When designing a sustainable transportation system, it is essential to consider factors such as minimizing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting active transportation modes like walking and cycling, and encouraging mixed-use development to reduce the need for car travel.

Traffic calming measures are designed to achieve multiple goals, including reducing traffic speed, improving pedestrian safety, and reducing traffic volume. These measures can include speed bumps, roundabouts, and narrower road designs.

The revealed preference method is commonly used to estimate the value of travel time savings by analyzing actual travel behavior and choices made by individuals.

An origin-destination survey aims to collect data on the travel patterns of individuals, identify the major traffic generators in a region, and estimate the demand for transportation services.

Level of service, volume-to-capacity ratio, and travel time index are all commonly used measures of traffic congestion.

A transportation demand management (TDM) strategy aims to reduce the demand for car travel, improve the efficiency of transportation systems, and promote sustainable transportation modes.

A comprehensive transportation system includes public transportation, active transportation infrastructure, and an efficient road network.

A traffic impact study aims to assess the impact of a development project on traffic flow, identify potential traffic problems, and recommend mitigation measures to address those problems.

Benefit-cost analysis, multi-criteria analysis, and public involvement are all commonly used methods for prioritizing transportation projects.

A transportation system management (TSM) strategy aims to improve the efficiency of existing transportation infrastructure, reduce traffic congestion, and promote sustainable transportation modes.