Regular exercise is a protective factor against NCDs, while tobacco use, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet are major risk factors.

Excessive alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, while regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and moderate intake of saturated fats are protective factors.

Family history of type 2 diabetes is a strong genetic risk factor for the disease, indicating a genetic predisposition.

Exposure to air pollution, particularly particulate matter and ozone, is a major environmental risk factor for respiratory diseases.

Unhealthy diet is a modifiable risk factor for NCDs, as it can be changed through dietary interventions.

Regular physical activity is a protective factor against cancer, while tobacco use, HPV infection, and exposure to ionizing radiation are common causes of cancer.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease, as it can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys.

Mental health disorders can be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.

Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for NAFLD, as it can lead to the accumulation of fat in the liver.

Aging is a major risk factor for osteoporosis, as it leads to a decrease in bone density.

Age is the strongest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, as the risk of developing the disease increases with age.

Exposure to loud noise, particularly over a prolonged period, is a major risk factor for hearing loss.

Frequent consumption of sugary foods and drinks is a major modifiable risk factor for dental caries, as it promotes the growth of bacteria that cause tooth decay.

Aging is a major risk factor for vision impairment, as it can lead to conditions such as cataracts, macular degeneration, and glaucoma.

Repetitive motions, particularly over a prolonged period, are a major risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders.