Rasterization is a fundamental technique used in real-time graphics to convert 3D models into 2D images for display on a screen.

The graphics pipeline is responsible for processing and transforming 3D data into a final image for display.

Level of Detail (LOD) is a technique used to reduce the geometric complexity of objects based on their distance from the viewer, improving performance.

The vertex shader is responsible for transforming vertices from model space to world space, applying transformations and matrices.

Shadow mapping is a technique used to generate shadows by projecting the depth of objects onto a texture map.

The fragment shader is responsible for applying lighting and shading calculations to each pixel in a fragment, determining the final color.

Multisampling is a technique used to reduce aliasing by sampling multiple times per pixel and blending the results.

Textures are used to store color information for pixels, providing surface details and patterns.

Mipmapping is a technique used to optimize texture memory usage by storing multiple levels of detail for a texture, allowing for efficient rendering at different distances.

Normal maps are used to store normal information for surfaces, providing detailed surface features and shading.

Reflection mapping is a technique used to create realistic water effects by reflecting the surrounding environment onto the water surface.

Physics engines are used to simulate the physical properties of objects, such as gravity, collisions, and motion.

Mass-spring systems are commonly used to create realistic cloth simulations by modeling the cloth as a network of interconnected masses and springs.

Animation systems are used to create and manipulate skeletal animations, allowing characters and objects to move realistically.

Strand-based simulation is commonly used to create realistic hair and fur simulations by modeling each strand individually and simulating its physical properties.