Mulk Raj Anand's 'Untouchable' is widely recognized as the first modern Indian novel in English, published in 1935. It delves into the life of an untouchable boy, Bakha, and his struggles against social discrimination.

Rabindranath Tagore is often regarded as the 'Father of Modern Indian Literature' for his significant contributions to Bengali literature and his role in shaping the literary landscape of India.

Nativism, also known as the Native Literary Movement, emerged in India in the early 20th century. It emphasized a return to traditional Indian values, aesthetics, and themes, seeking to create a distinct Indian literature.

Premchand, also known as Munshi Premchand, is renowned for his realistic and compassionate depiction of rural life in India. His works often explored social issues and the struggles of the marginalized.

Rabindranath Tagore's 'Gitanjali' won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913, making him the first non-European to receive this prestigious award.

Raja Rao is known for his experimental and modernist style of writing. His works often employed stream-of-consciousness techniques and explored philosophical and spiritual themes.

The Progressive Writers' Movement emerged in India in the 1930s, advocating for social realism and a focus on the lives of the working class. It sought to use literature as a tool for social change.

Kamala Markandaya is known for her feminist writings and exploration of women's experiences in Indian society. Her works often delved into issues of gender inequality, social customs, and the changing roles of women.

R.K. Narayan's 'Swami and Friends' is considered a classic of Indian literature. It portrays the life of a young boy named Swami and his friends in the fictional town of Malgudi.

Khushwant Singh is known for his satirical and humorous writings, often critiquing social and political issues in India. His works are characterized by their wit and sharp observations.

Postmodernism emerged in India in the 1960s, advocating for a break from traditional forms and styles and an exploration of new experimental techniques. It challenged established norms and sought to deconstruct conventional narratives.

Raja Rao is known for his exploration of historical and mythological themes in his writings. His works often drew inspiration from ancient Indian texts and explored the relationship between the past and the present.

Amrita Pritam's 'Pinjar' is considered a classic of Punjabi literature. It explores the experiences of women during the partition of India, delving into themes of love, loss, and resilience.

Mulk Raj Anand is known for his writings on the lives of marginalized communities and their struggles against social injustice. His works often explored themes of poverty, caste discrimination, and the plight of the working class.

Regionalism emerged in India in the 1980s, advocating for a focus on regional languages and cultures and a rejection of Western literary influences. It sought to promote the diversity of Indian literature and celebrate the unique voices of different regions.