Landscape photography primarily focuses on capturing the beauty and grandeur of natural scenery, such as mountains, forests, rivers, and seascapes.

Leading lines, such as roads, rivers, or fences, are often used in landscape photography to draw the viewer's eye into the image and create a sense of depth and dimension.

Aperture, denoted by f-stops, controls the size of the lens opening and directly affects the amount of light entering the camera. Adjusting the aperture allows photographers to control the overall brightness of the image.

Wide-angle lenses, with shorter focal lengths, allow photographers to capture a broader field of view, making them ideal for capturing expansive landscapes.

Using a tripod is essential in landscape photography to stabilize the camera and prevent camera shake, especially when using slow shutter speeds or shooting in low-light conditions.

Polarizing filters are often used in landscape photography to reduce glare and reflections from water surfaces, foliage, and other reflective surfaces, enhancing the overall clarity and contrast of the image.

HDR (High Dynamic Range) Photography involves capturing multiple images at different exposures and combining them to create a single image with a wider dynamic range, preserving both the highlights and shadows.

The Central Horizon composition technique involves placing the horizon line at the center of the frame, creating a balanced and symmetrical image.

Graduated neutral density (GND) filters are used in landscape photography to balance the exposure between the sky and the foreground, preventing overexposed skies and underexposed foregrounds.

Aperture, denoted by f-stops, controls the depth of field by adjusting the size of the lens opening. A smaller aperture (higher f-stop) increases the depth of field, making both the foreground and background sharp, while a larger aperture (lower f-stop) decreases the depth of field, blurring the background.

Time-lapse photography involves capturing a series of images at regular intervals and combining them to create a video that shows the passage of time in a condensed format.

Off-center composition involves placing the subject off-center to create a sense of tension and visual interest, drawing the viewer's attention to specific elements within the frame.

Using a remote shutter release helps prevent camera shake when pressing the shutter button, especially when shooting with slow shutter speeds or using a tripod.

The Rule of Thirds is a composition technique that divides the frame into thirds, both horizontally and vertically, creating nine equal sections. Placing key elements along these lines or at their intersections often results in a more balanced and visually appealing image.

Focus stacking involves capturing multiple images of the same scene at different focal points and combining them to create a single image with extended depth of field, ensuring that all elements from the foreground to the background are in sharp focus.