Strain theory argues that crime is caused by the strain that is created when people are unable to achieve their goals through legitimate means.

Social learning theory argues that crime is learned through interaction with others, and that people are more likely to commit crimes if they are exposed to criminal behavior.

Social control theory argues that crime is caused by a lack of social control, and that people are more likely to commit crimes if they are not properly supervised or if they do not have strong ties to their community.

Differential association theory argues that crime is caused by exposure to criminal behavior, and that people are more likely to commit crimes if they are associated with criminals.

Labeling theory argues that crime is caused by the way that people are labeled as criminals, and that people who are labeled as criminals are more likely to commit crimes in the future.

Gang theory argues that crime is caused by the involvement of people in gangs, and that people who are involved in gangs are more likely to commit crimes.

Biological theory argues that crime is caused by biological factors, such as genetics or brain chemistry.

Psychological theory argues that crime is caused by psychological factors, such as mental illness or personality disorders.

Social theory argues that crime is caused by social factors, such as poverty, inequality, or discrimination.

Cultural theory argues that crime is caused by cultural factors, such as values, beliefs, or norms.

Political theory argues that crime is caused by political factors, such as government policies or the lack of social programs.

Economic theory argues that crime is caused by economic factors, such as poverty, unemployment, or inequality.

Environmental theory argues that crime is caused by environmental factors, such as pollution, noise, or overcrowding.

Historical theory argues that crime is caused by historical factors, such as colonialism, slavery, or war.

Technological theory argues that crime is caused by technological factors, such as the internet, social media, or video games.