Mean is the sum of all values divided by the number of values in a dataset, and it represents the average value.

A population refers to the entire group of individuals or objects of interest, while a sample is a smaller group selected from the population to represent the characteristics of the entire population.

A t-test is used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the means of two independent groups or between the means of two related groups.

A scatter plot is a graphical representation that shows the relationship between two variables, allowing us to observe patterns and trends in the data.

Standard deviation measures the amount of variation or dispersion in a dataset, indicating how spread out the data is from the mean.

A histogram is a graphical representation that shows the distribution of data by dividing the range of data into intervals and displaying the frequency of occurrence in each interval.

Correlation analysis is used to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables, measuring the extent to which they are linearly related.

A positive correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases, while a negative correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases.

Confidence interval estimation is a statistical method used to estimate the range of values within which the true population parameter is likely to fall, based on a sample.

A probability distribution is a mathematical function that describes the likelihood of different possible outcomes in a random experiment.

Regression analysis is a statistical method used to determine the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables, allowing us to predict the value of the dependent variable based on the values of the independent variables.

In hypothesis testing, a Type I error occurs when we reject the null hypothesis when it is actually true, while a Type II error occurs when we accept the null hypothesis when it is actually false.

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is a statistical method used to compare the means of two or more groups, determining whether there is a significant difference between the means.

A chi-square test is a statistical method used to determine whether there is a significant relationship between two categorical variables, testing the hypothesis that the variables are independent.

Geostatistics is a branch of statistics that deals with the analysis of spatial data, focusing on the spatial distribution of data and the relationships between spatial variables.