Aryabhata is widely regarded as the father of Indian astronomy due to his groundbreaking work in the 5th century CE. He developed the Aryabhatiya, a treatise that laid the foundation for Indian astronomy and mathematics.

Aryabhata was the first Indian astronomer to propose the heliocentric model of the solar system, where the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun. This revolutionary idea was later adopted by Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century.

Varahamihira, a renowned Indian astrologer and astronomer, authored the 'Brihat Samhita,' a comprehensive treatise on astrology, astronomy, and other related subjects. This text played a significant role in shaping Indian astrology and astronomy.

Brahmagupta, a prominent Indian astronomer and mathematician, introduced the concept of 'Karanas' in astronomy. Karanas are astronomical calculations used for determining the positions of celestial bodies and predicting eclipses.

Bhaskara II, a renowned Indian mathematician and astronomer, wrote the astronomical treatise 'Lilavati,' which covers topics such as arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and astronomy. This text had a significant impact on the development of mathematics and astronomy in India.

Varahamihira developed the 'Panchang' system, a method for calculating astronomical data such as the positions of celestial bodies, eclipses, and auspicious times. This system is still widely used in India for astrological and calendrical purposes.

Bhaskara II made significant contributions to the field of trigonometry. He developed trigonometric formulas and identities, including the sine and cosine functions, which are crucial for solving problems related to angles and triangles.

Aryabhata wrote the astronomical text 'Surya Siddhanta,' which is considered one of the most important works in Indian astronomy. This text covers topics such as planetary motions, eclipses, and the calculation of astronomical parameters.

Brahmagupta developed the 'Kuttaka' method, an algorithm for solving indeterminate equations. This method is considered a significant contribution to the field of mathematics and is still used today for solving certain types of equations.

Varahamihira was known for his accurate predictions of eclipses. He developed methods for calculating the timing and duration of eclipses, which were essential for astrological and calendrical purposes.

Bhaskara II wrote the astronomical text 'Siddhānta Śiromani,' which covers topics such as astronomy, mathematics, and astrology. This text is considered a masterpiece of Indian astronomy and mathematics.

Aryabhata developed the 'Aryabhata Chakra,' an astronomical instrument used for calculating astronomical data such as the positions of celestial bodies and the time of day. This instrument was widely used in ancient India for astrological and calendrical purposes.

Varahamihira is known for his contributions to the field of astrology. He wrote several texts on astrology, including the 'Brihat Jataka,' which is considered one of the most important works on Indian astrology.

Brahmagupta developed the 'Graha Laghava' method, a simplified method for calculating the positions of planets. This method was widely used in ancient India for astrological and calendrical purposes.

Nilakantha Somayaji wrote the astronomical text 'Tantrasamgraha,' which covers topics such as astronomy, mathematics, and astrology. This text is considered a significant contribution to Indian astronomy and mathematics.