Peer relationships during adolescence serve multiple functions, including establishing independence from parents, developing a sense of self-identity, and learning social skills and norms.

Healthy peer relationships are characterized by trust, respect, support, honesty, and integrity. Competition and one-upmanship are not conducive to healthy relationships.

Peer socialization is the process by which individuals learn and adopt the values, beliefs, and behaviors of their peer group.

While peer relationships can have many positive outcomes, increased risk-taking and antisocial behavior are not typically associated with healthy peer relationships.

Peer conformity is the tendency for individuals to conform to the norms and expectations of their peer group.

While peer relationships can have many negative outcomes, enhanced problem-solving and decision-making skills are not typically associated with unhealthy peer relationships.

Peer identity formation is the process by which individuals develop a sense of self and identity based on their interactions with peers.

While age, developmental stage, gender, and personality can all influence the quality of peer relationships, socioeconomic status is not typically considered a direct factor.

Peer homophily is the tendency for individuals to seek out and maintain relationships with peers who are similar to themselves.

Sibling relationships are not typically considered peer relationships, as they involve a familial bond rather than a voluntary association.

Peer socialization is the process by which individuals learn and adopt the values, beliefs, and behaviors of their peer group.

While peer relationships can have many positive outcomes, increased risk-taking and antisocial behavior are not typically associated with healthy peer relationships.

Peer conformity is the tendency for individuals to conform to the norms and expectations of their peer group.

While peer relationships can have many negative outcomes, enhanced problem-solving and decision-making skills are not typically associated with unhealthy peer relationships.

Peer identity formation is the process by which individuals develop a sense of self and identity based on their interactions with peers.