MMR is a measure of the risk of death associated with pregnancy and childbirth. It is calculated by dividing the number of maternal deaths by the number of live births and multiplying by 100,000.

The leading causes of maternal mortality are hemorrhage, sepsis, unsafe abortion, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. These conditions can be prevented or treated, but they often occur in settings where women do not have access to adequate healthcare.

Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia have the highest MMRs in the world. In these regions, women are more likely to die from pregnancy-related causes due to factors such as poverty, lack of access to healthcare, and cultural practices that discriminate against women.

MDG 5 aims to improve maternal health by reducing MMR and increasing access to reproductive health services. This goal is linked to other MDGs, such as reducing child mortality and promoting gender equality, as maternal health is essential for the well-being of women and their families.

Reducing MMR requires a comprehensive approach that includes investing in healthcare systems, empowering women and girls, and addressing gender inequality and discrimination. These strategies can help to ensure that women have access to the healthcare they need to survive pregnancy and childbirth.