Increased thermal conductivity is not a fundamental property of nanomaterials, as it depends on the specific material and its structure.

Quantum confinement effects arise from the confinement of electrons and holes in a small volume, leading to discrete energy levels and unique electronic properties.

Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and sol-gel method are all widely used techniques for the synthesis of nanomaterials.

Emergent properties refer to the unique and unexpected properties that arise from the collective behavior of nanomaterials, which are not present in their bulk counterparts.

Sensors are passive nanomaterial-based devices that convert physical, chemical, or biological signals into electrical signals, enabling the detection and measurement of various parameters.

Nanobiotechnology encompasses the integration of nanotechnology with biology, involving the study and application of nanomaterials, devices, and systems for biological and medical purposes.

Nuclear energy is not directly related to nanotechnology, as it involves the generation of energy from nuclear reactions, rather than the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale.

Nanotoxicology is the study of the potential adverse effects of nanomaterials on living organisms, including humans, animals, and plants.

Lithography is a top-down approach for the fabrication of nanomaterials, involving the patterning of materials using light, electron beams, or X-rays to create structures at the nanoscale.

Catalytic enhancement refers to the increased catalytic activity of nanomaterials due to their unique properties, such as high surface area-to-volume ratio and quantum confinement effects.

Batteries are not directly related to nanotechnology, as they involve electrochemical reactions for energy storage and release, rather than the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale.

Nanoscience is the study of the behavior of materials at the nanoscale, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique physical, chemical, and biological properties emerge.

Self-assembly is a bottom-up approach for the fabrication of nanomaterials, involving the spontaneous organization of molecules or atoms into ordered structures at the nanoscale.

Optical enhancement refers to the improved optical properties of nanomaterials, such as enhanced light absorption, scattering, and emission, due to their unique properties at the nanoscale.

Energy storage is not directly related to nanotechnology in the medical field, as it involves the storage and release of energy, rather than the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale for medical applications.