Judicial review is the process by which courts examine the actions of government bodies to ensure they are acting within the limits of their authority and in accordance with the law.

The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court in Canada and has the final say on all matters of law, including judicial review.

The principle of legality is a fundamental principle of Canadian law that requires all government actions to be authorized by law. Judicial review is the process by which courts ensure that the government complies with this principle.

The three main grounds for judicial review are error of law, error of fact, and abuse of discretion; lack of jurisdiction, breach of natural justice, and unreasonableness; and violation of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, violation of the Constitution, and violation of international law.

The remedy for a successful judicial review application can be one or more of the following: the court can declare the government action to be invalid, the court can order the government to take a specific action, and the court can award damages to the applicant.

The landmark case of Roncarelli v. Duplessis (1959) established the principle of judicial review in Canada by holding that the courts have the power to review the actions of government bodies to ensure they are acting within the limits of their authority.

The Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the supreme law of Canada and all government actions must be in accordance with it. This means that courts can use the Charter to review government actions and strike down any actions that violate the Charter.

Judicial review is a process for challenging government actions, while an appeal is a process for challenging court decisions. Judicial review is available to both individuals and organizations, and it is available in both federal and provincial courts.

The doctrine of precedent requires courts to follow the decisions of higher courts. This means that lower courts must follow the decisions of higher courts in similar cases. This helps to ensure consistency and predictability in the law.

Some of the challenges facing judicial review in Canada today include the increasing complexity of government decision-making, the growing number of judicial review applications, and the lack of resources available to courts.