The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, extending from the surface up to about 10 kilometers (6 miles).

Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere, responsible for trapping heat and contributing to global warming.

The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere, approximately 15 to 35 kilometers (9 to 22 miles) above the Earth's surface.

The average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere is approximately 15°C (59°F) at sea level.

In the thermosphere, temperature increases with increasing altitude due to the absorption of solar radiation by oxygen and nitrogen molecules.

Differences in atmospheric pressure drive air movement, resulting in weather phenomena such as wind, clouds, precipitation, and storms.

The ionosphere, located in the upper atmosphere, is responsible for reflecting radio waves, enabling long-distance radio communication.

Nitrogen makes up approximately 78% of the Earth's atmosphere, while oxygen comprises about 21%.

Clouds form in the troposphere, the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, due to the condensation of water vapor.

Rayleigh scattering is the scattering of light by particles that are much smaller than the wavelength of light. In the Earth's atmosphere, this scattering causes the blue light from the sun to be scattered more than other colors, resulting in the blue sky during the day.

Meteors, also known as shooting stars, typically disintegrate in the mesosphere due to friction with air molecules.

The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, protecting life on Earth from its damaging effects.

The aurora borealis and aurora australis, also known as the northern and southern lights, occur in the thermosphere due to the interaction of charged particles from the sun with the Earth's magnetic field.

The adiabatic lapse rate is the rate at which temperature decreases with increasing altitude in the troposphere due to the expansion of air as it rises.

Jet streams are fast-flowing, narrow air currents found in the troposphere, typically at high altitudes.