DNA Structure and Replication

Description: Test your knowledge on the structure and replication of DNA, the molecule that carries genetic information in all living organisms.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: dna structure replication molecular biology
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What is the name of the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA?

  1. Deoxyribose

  2. Ribose

  3. Adenine

  4. Thymine


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA is made up of alternating deoxyribose sugar molecules and phosphate groups.

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

  1. Adenine

  2. Thymine

  3. Guanine

  4. Uracil


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Uracil is a nitrogenous base found in RNA, not DNA.

What is the complementary base pair to adenine in DNA?

  1. Thymine

  2. Cytosine

  3. Guanine

  4. Uracil


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Adenine and thymine form complementary base pairs in DNA.

What is the name of the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication?

  1. Helicase

  2. Polymerase

  3. Ligase

  4. Primase


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication.

Which enzyme adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication?

  1. Helicase

  2. Polymerase

  3. Ligase

  4. Primase


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Polymerase is the enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication.

What is the name of the enzyme that joins the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication?

  1. Helicase

  2. Polymerase

  3. Ligase

  4. Primase


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Ligase is the enzyme that joins the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

What is the name of the short RNA molecule that primes DNA synthesis on the lagging strand during replication?

  1. Helicase

  2. Polymerase

  3. Ligase

  4. Primase


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Primase is the enzyme that synthesizes the short RNA molecule that primes DNA synthesis on the lagging strand during replication.

What is the name of the structure that forms at the replication fork during DNA replication?

  1. Replication bubble

  2. Replication fork

  3. Replication origin

  4. Replication terminus


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The replication fork is the structure that forms at the replication origin during DNA replication.

What is the name of the point on the DNA molecule where replication begins?

  1. Replication bubble

  2. Replication fork

  3. Replication origin

  4. Replication terminus


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The replication origin is the point on the DNA molecule where replication begins.

What is the name of the point on the DNA molecule where replication ends?

  1. Replication bubble

  2. Replication fork

  3. Replication origin

  4. Replication terminus


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The replication terminus is the point on the DNA molecule where replication ends.

Which of the following is NOT a type of DNA mutation?

  1. Substitution

  2. Deletion

  3. Insertion

  4. Transversion


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Transversion is not a type of DNA mutation.

Which of the following is NOT a type of DNA repair mechanism?

  1. Base excision repair

  2. Nucleotide excision repair

  3. Mismatch repair

  4. Recombination repair


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Recombination repair is not a type of DNA repair mechanism.

What is the name of the process by which DNA is copied from one generation to the next?

  1. Replication

  2. Transcription

  3. Translation

  4. Mutation


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Replication is the process by which DNA is copied from one generation to the next.

What is the name of the process by which DNA is converted into RNA?

  1. Replication

  2. Transcription

  3. Translation

  4. Mutation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Transcription is the process by which DNA is converted into RNA.

What is the name of the process by which RNA is converted into protein?

  1. Replication

  2. Transcription

  3. Translation

  4. Mutation


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Translation is the process by which RNA is converted into protein.

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